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Showing posts with label Religion. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Religion. Show all posts

Tuesday, May 20, 2008

At Noon The Myth Was Shattered

At Noon The Myth Was Shattered

Ahmed Bah'a Eldeen

This book is just an attempt to put the stage of the Arab-Israeli conflict within its proper historical frame by seeking for the facts and witnesses in western and Israeli sources. It is the book "At Noon the Myth Was Shattered" by Ahmad Bahauldin, issued in February 1974. What is it all about ?!

The book consists of nine chapters; every chapter has a topic that reflects its content of facts. There is also analysis for some incidents in order to make reader understand and appreciate the comprehensiveness of the situation.

On the war of June 1967, the author writes, "you cannot talk about October war and appreciate it as it should without hinting at the war of 1967 and its effects. Both wars, actually, are two battles in one war.

The war of June 1967 has deeply affected the style of political and military work and even the spirit of peoples.

"The war of June 1967 was just a trap for Arabs. Israel put a plan in 11 years; their interests in the Middle East are the interests of super-power countries. But we cannot deny our responsibility for the defeat".

The author says, "honestly, if we are trying to analyze the reasons of defeat, we have to categorize all and every negative act in our contemporary life. Anyway, we should admit that the defeat was the sperm of the Israeli fable".

Elements of the fable
"Israel tried to make itself a myth or a legend; a fabulous story and a mysterious figure that could be loved or hated, but anyway it should be frightening for the whole globe as its being unconquerable." Such option was not strange for such people who think themselves to be God's chosen people.

"Israel advertised for a complicated legend consisting of political, economic and military elements; Zionism is a legend that managed, in 50 years, to turn dreams into facts. And Jew is another category of mankind who can turn dust into gold, ruins into cities and swamps into green zone, once they touch them.

"Though such legend could be easily denied, that historical era helped Zionists to achieve their goals in Palestine. But we have to assert that the progress they made is not that fabulous; there are other countries that managed to make such progress in a shorter time.

"The military element of the fable was the most dangerous on the spirits of Arabs, despite its not being the only decisive in the race track. We can understand that the Israeli propaganda, firstly, was sharper than their artillery; they described the war of June 1967 as the real gap between Arabs and Israel, and the world should completely believe in such saying.

"Every Israeli General became a fable and a mysterious character, every soldier is a hero, every citizen is James Bond. The Israeli man is the new superman, however, Arabs are the most fool and degrading and even the most stupid men who cannot understand the radical changes in the world.

"Within the frame of such concept, books, movies, novels and articles spread out violently everywhere; the massive propaganda succeeded in convincing the international public opinion that their legend is a fact. Such poison sneaked, in maximum dose, into the spirits of Arabs which was the actual goal.

"The psychological obstacle was superior to the dusty one of Barlev. Now that Arabs believe that the enemy is unconquerable, they cannot compare themselves to the lofty Israeli people who are competent in all fields, especially the military field.

"The Israeli front line had the feeling of upset-possessed Arabs, and they could not imagine that their legend will turn into an overdose wine that made them lose their minds and soon they became the victims of their lie."

The war of Attrition
Israel expected Arab's surrender after the war of June 1967. Moshe Dayan; the then Israeli Minister of War said that he was at his home, waiting the reactions of Arabs. But Arabs rejected the stepping down of the late leader, Gamal Abdel-Naser; went out in the middle of the night denying and condemning the surrender and asking for a firm standing against the enemy.

Such firm standing should be asserted practically; on the first of July 1967, the Israeli artillery and air force failed to capture the position "Ras El-Ash" at the eastern bank of the Suez Canal. Heroes of the famous battle "Ras El-Ash", were only 30 soldiers and a limited popular resistance at the west bank.

Battles of resistance came frequently; on July 14,1967, a small Egyptian torpedo boat managed to scuttle the famous destroyer; Ilat, in a battle that made a radical change in the history of the naval thought. Such battle was followed by the aching decision of declaring the cities of the Suez Canal evacuated.

Such period of strife gave the opportunity of restructuring the armed forces. The Egyptian citizens participated, with all their potentialities in the process of restructuring without giving heed for the Israeli mockery.

Now that the stage of confrontation ended, the stage of deterrence has been started in September1968, to reaffirm the determination of the Egyptian will.

In such stage soldiers have practiced good experience that made them competent. They made many successful attempts in the way and technique of crossing.

The author of our book gives scores of examples of the courageous battles through which the Egyptians have scored their desired goals.

His facts are based on the Israeli official statements that assert the violence of such Egyptian military operations.

Israel fortified its positions on the west bank of the Suez Canal; by building the fortified stronghold Barlev Line; a chain of fortifications along its front with the Egyptian side. Once again, Israel tried to categorically affect the psychological state of the Egyptians by skirmishes of their air force.

Another stage

They were all determined to establish such net, sacrificing whatever losses or casualties. At the end our will triumphed and the anti-aircraft missiles net started to operater on June 30,1970, in a most gloomy day in the history of the Israeli Air Force.

Our net had downed 4 aircrafts, in one day, and captured three pilots. Surprise

Surprise is the first and foremost issue that October War arise; the author asserts, " There was an element of surprise for the enemy in that lofty war which helped determine it".

http://www.sis.gov.eg/VR/october/english/12.htm

Sunday, May 4, 2008

Mohammad Metwali al-Shaarawi

Mohammad Metwali al-Shaarawi
Date of birth

April 5, 1917; Daqahliyah; Egypt

Mini-biography

Memorized the Holy Quran as well as numerous poems as a youngster
1937: Joined Faculty of Arabic Language, Azhar University and shown interest in fighting British occupation, which put him jail more than once

1940: Graduated from Faculty of Arabic Language, Azhar University

1943: Obtained his teaching license

History of employment

Worked at Azhar institutes in Tanta (Gharbiyah), Zagazig (Sharqiyah) and Alexandria

1950: Moved to Saudi Arabia to work as professor of Sharia in Umm al-Qura University

1976: Appointed Minister of Awqaf (Islamic Endowments) and Azhar Affairs (until 1978)

Was the one who issued the ministerial decree establishing the first Islamic bank in Egypt

1987: Became Member of the Arabic Language Academy

Awards

Order of Merit – First Class to mark his retirement (1976)

Order of the Republic (1983)

12qState Merit Award (1988)

Honorary doctorate in Arts from the universities of Mansoura and Minufiyah

Published numerous books on interpreting the Quran, the foundations of Islam, Women in Islam, Islam and modern thinking, etc…

Died June 16, 1998

Mohammad Sayed Tantawi

Mohammad Sayed Tantawi

Date of birth
October 28, 1928, Sohag, Egypt

Mini-biography
Memorized the Quran early in his childhood
1944: Joined the Alexandria Religious Institute
1958: Graduated from the Faculty of the Fundamentals of Religion, Azhar University
1959: Obtained his teaching license
1966: Obtained his PhD in interpretation and Hadeeth

History of employment
1968: Instructor, Faculty of the Fundamentals of Religion, Azhar University
1976: Dean, Faculty of the Fundamentals of Religion, Assuit
1985: Dean, Faculty of Arabic and Islamic Studies, Azhar University
1986: Mufti of Egypt
1996: Grand Imam of al-Azhar

Published many books


Mohammad al-Fahham

Mohammad al-Fahham

Birth name

Mohammad Mohammad al-Fahham

Date of birth

September 18, 1894; Alexandria; Egypt

Mini-biography

After he memorized the Quran as a child, al-Fahham enrolled in the Alexandria Religious Institute (1903) and later obtained his alameya degree from Azhar University (1922).

After working in trade for some time, he passed an examination, held by al-Azhar, to choose teachers of mathematics.

He was one of the few who traveled to France to obtain a PhD from the Sorbonne after WWII.

Upon his return, he taught Sharia at the Faculty of Sharia and then comparative literature at the Faculty of Arabic Language at Azhar University.

Al-Fahham traveled extensively throughout the world including in Nigeria, Pakistan, India and Mauritania.

In 1969, he was appointed Grand Imam of al-Azhar. As such, al-Fahham carried out his responsibilities as well as he could, given the effects of the 1967 setback and the upsurge of Christian preaching at the time.

In 1973, he retired to a quite life, spending most of his time reading and researching.

Al-Fahham died on August 31, 1980.

History of employment

1926: Instructor, Alexandria Religious Institute

1953: Lecturer on Logic, Sharia Faculty, Azhar University

1959: Dean, Faculty of Arabic Language, Azhar University

1969: Grand Imam of al-Azhar

1972: Member, Academy of Arabic Language

Mohammad al-Ghazali

Mohammad al-Ghazali

Birth name
Mohammad al-Ghazali al-Saqqa

Date of birth
September 22, 1917; Al-Buhayrah, Egypt

Mini-biography
1941: Obtained his Alameya Degree from al-Azhar University in the Fundamentals of Religion
1943: Obtained his Alameya Degree from al-Azhar University with a license to preach and guide
1943: Obtained his Alameya Degree from al-Azhar University with a license to teach

History of employment
Head, Department of the Call and Fundamentals of Religion, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
Chairman, Scientific Council, Prince Abdel-Qader University for Administrative Sciences, Constantine, Algeria
Under-Secretary for affairs of the Call, Ministry of Waqf (Islamic Endowments), Egypt

Died on March 9, 1996; his body is buried in Medina, Saudi Arabia

Wrote extensively on practicing the Islamic Call

Preached the teachings and fundamentals of Islam until his death

Awards
State Merit Award in Social Sciences (1991)


Mustafa Ismail

Mustafa Ismail

Date of birth

1905; Gharbiyah; Egypt Memorized the Quran as a child and studied at Tanta's Religious Institute

Mini-biography

1945: Became member of the Royal entourage, charged with reciting the Quran Ramadan
1960: Visited East Jerusalem and recited in al-Aqsa Mosque
1987: Accompanied President Anwar al-Sadat on his visit to Jerusalem and recited verses of the Quran in al-Aqsa Mosque

Awards

Order of Merit from President Gamal Abdul-Nasser Order of the Cedar – Lebanon (1958) Order of Arts - Egypt (1965) Order of Excellence - Egypt (1985) Order of Merit - Syria Decorated by Malaysia and Tanzania


Mahmud Ali al-Bannah

Mahmud Ali al-Bannah

Date of birth
1926;Minufiyah; Egypt

Memorized the entire Quran at 11
Studied at Tanta's Minshawi Religious Institute

Mini-biography

1945: Settled in Cairo

1948: Recited the Quran on the anniversary of the Prophet's birth

1976: Recorded his reading of the Quran at the Egyptian Radio

1985: Recorded the Quran in UAE

Took part in the ceremony marking the opening of the first mosque in Austria

Visited Muslim communities in Germany, Britain and France

Died on July 20, 1985

Awards

Order of Science and Art (1990)

Mohammad Ma'moum al-Shenawi

Mohammad Ma'moum al-Shenawi

Date of birth
August 10, 1878, Daqahliyah, Egypt

Mini-biography
1906: Obtained his Alameya Degree

History of employment
1930: Sheikh (head), Faculty of Sharia, (the first to hold the position); Azhar University
1934: Member, Senior Scholars Society
1944: Deputy, Azhar University; chairman, Fatwa Committee
1948: Grand Imam of Al-Azhar

Died September 4, 1950

Mahmud Shaltut

Mahmud Shaltut
Date of birth

April 23, 1893; Gizah; Egypt

Mini-biography

1906: Joined the Alexandria Religious Institute

1918: Obtained his Alameya Degree

1919: Participated in the 1919 Revolution

1958: Became Grand Imam of al-Azhar (under his tenure, al-Azhar worked to unite the ranks of Muslims worldwide)

1973: Represented Egypt in The Hague Conference

Published numerous books and researches some of which were translated into English, French and German

Died on December 12, 1963

Awards

Honorary Doctorate from Indonesia's University of North Sumatra, Medan Honorary Doctorate from Chile (1959)

Honorary Doctorate from the State Islamic Institute in Jakarta (1961)

Honorary President of the Islamic University in the Philippines 1961 Decorated by Cameroon

Mahmud K. al-Hossari

Mahmud K. al-Hossari

Date of birth
September 17, 1917; Daqahliyah; Egypt

Memorized the Quran as a child

Mini-biography

1944: Was commissioned by the Egyptian Radio Broadcasting Authority to recite the Quran on air.

1961: Recorded the Quran and recited in the various Arab and Islamic countries as well as in Africa, Asia, Europe, the US and Russia.

The first to recite the Quran in the United Nations, the US Congress and the UK's Kings Hall.

The first to call for the establishment of a Quran Reciters' Guild.

The first Egyptian to be allowed to recite the Quran in Kaaba.

Accompanied former President Gamal Abdul-Nasser on his trips to India and Pakistan (1960)

Published many books relating his travels in the service of Islam and dealing with the Munificent Quran.

Chosen to recite at the ceremony marking introducing electricity to Mecca (1954)

Died on November 24, 1980

Awards

Order of Science and Art (1966)

State Merit Award (1967)

Decorated by leaders of Arab and Islamic countries

Hassanein Makhluf

Hassanein Makhluf

Birth name
Hassanein Mohammad Makhluf

Date of birth
May 6, 1890; Cairo; Egypt

Mini-biography
1915: Obtained his Alameya Degree

History of employment
1916: Judge, Judge, Islamic Sharia Courts
1944: Vice President, Supreme Judge, Islamic Sharia Court
1945: Egypt's Mufti

Wrote numerous books on interpreting the Quran and on Islamic-fatwa

Awards
Twice awarded the Mantel of Science Honor
State Merit Award in Social Sciences (1982)


Gad al-Haqq Ali Gad al-Haqq

Gad al-Haqq Ali Gad al-Haqq

Date of birth
April 5, 1917; Daqahliyah; Egypt

Mini-biography
1944: Graduated in the Faculty of Islamic Sharia, Azhar University
1946: Obtained his Alameya Degree

History of employment
1946: Judge, Islamic Sharia Courts
1953: Secretary of Fatwa, Dar al-Ifta, Egypt
1976: Counselor, Court of Appeals
1978: Mufti of Egypt (In his capacity as such, he sought to revive the role of the fatwa (opinion)-giving establishment)
1982: Appointed Minister of Waqf (from January to March 1982)
1982: Became Grand Imam of al-Azhar (His appointment marked a revival of al-Azhar's role)
Under his tenure as Grand Imam, many Azhar Institutes were established throughout the country.

Awards
Order of the Nile from Egypt (1983)
Order of Intellectual and Scientific Excellence from Morocco
The King Faysal International Prize (Service To Islam) (1995)

Died on March 15, 1996


Atteya Saqr

Atteya Saqr

Date of birth
November 22, 1914; Sharqiyah; Egypt

Mini-biography
1943: Obtained his Alameya Degree from the Faculty of Islamic Sharia, Azhar University with a license to preach and guide

History of employment
1943: Khatteib (Sermon-giver), Ministry of Awqaf (Islamic Endowments)
1945: Waez (Preacher), Azhar
1976: Translator (French), Azhar Research & Culture Department

Was head of the Fatwa Committee, Azhar Mosque until he retired Published his religious opinions in more than 30 thematically-based volumes

Member of the Shura Council, the Islamic Research Academy, and the Supreme Council of Islamic Affairs Participated in several radio and television programs Lectured at schools, and other educational institutions Published extensively in Egyptian and Arab newspapers and magazines Toured countries in Asia, Africa and Europe

Awards
Order of Science and Art, First Class

Died at 92 on December 9, 2006


Ali Goma'a

Ali Goma'a

Date of birth
March 3, 1952, Beni Sewif, Egypt

Qualification
1988: PhD, Fundamentals of Fiqh (Islamic Jurisprudence), Faculty of Sharia and Law, Azhar University
1985: MA, Fundamentals of Fiqh (Islamic Jurisprudence), Faculty of Sharia and Law, Azhar University
1979: BA, Department of Arabic and Islam Studies, Azhar University
1973: B.Sc. in Commerce, Ain Shams University

History of employment
2003: Mufti of Egypt
2004: Member, Islamic Research Academy
1998: Consultant, Minister of Awqaf (Islamic Endowments)
1992: Academic Adviser, International Institute of Islamic Thought, Manager of Cairo Office
1997: Director, Sharia Supervision, Islamic Bank International for Investment and Development
1997: Director, Sharia Supervision, United Bank of Egypt
1997: Member, Sharia Supervision, Bank of Agricultural Development
1997: Member, Sharia Supervision, Middle East Bank of Islamic Transactions
2000: Supervisor-general, Al-Azhar Mosque
1996: Sharia supervisor, "Sunna" Computerized Project, Maknez Islamic Society
1995: Member, Al-Azhar Fatwa Committee


Ahmad Abu-Senna

Ahmad Abu-Senna

Name of birth
Ahmad Fahmi Abu-Senna

Mini-biography
1941: Obtained his Alameya Degree and was appointed professor after he published his first book on customs and tradition in the opinions of fundamentalists and Fiqh (Islamic Jurisprudence) experts
1960: Was part of the scholarly mission sent to Syria to teach Fiqh at the Faculty of Sharia (Islamic Law), University of Damascus

Was in favor of simplifying the disciplines in al-Azhar University while retaining the forefathers' legacy


Ahmad Hassan al-Baquri

Ahmad Hassan al-Baquri

Date of birth
May 26, 1909, Assuit, Egypt

Mini-biography
1932: Alameya Degree, Al-Azhar University
1935: Specialized in literature and literary embellishments

History of employment
1936: Instructor, Arabic language and literary embellishments, Cairo Religious Institute
1947: Deputy-dean, Assuit Religious Institute
1952: Minister of Waqf (Islamic Endowments) (until 1959)
1964: President, al-Azhar University

Professional membership
Member, Academy of Arabic Language
Member, Academy of Islamic Research
Member, Supreme Council of al-Azhar
Member, Supreme Council of Islamic Affairs
Member, League of Islamic and Arab Peoples
Head, Society and Institute of Islamic Studies
Member, National Council of Education, Scientific Research and Technology
Member, Committee on Education, National Democratic Party
Member, Committee on coordination between universities and the Academy of Scientific Research
Advisor, UNESCO, Regional Branch, Cairo

Wrote numerous books on psychology and Islamic philosophy

Awards
State Merit Award in Social Sciences (1985)


Abul-Wafaa al-Taftazani

Abul-Wafaa al-Taftazani

Date of birth
April 14, 1930, Sharqiyah, Egypt

Mini-biography
Born to a family of farmers
Father was doyen of the sophist tradition "al-Sadah al-Ghonaymia"
named after the village where the family lived (Kafr al-Ghoneimi)
Inherited his father's place as doyen
Graduated from the Faculty of Arts, Department of Philosophy

In his published writings, he explored ways of linking Islamic philosophy and sophism to modern-day life

Awards
State Merit Award in Social Sciences (1985)

Died on June 29, 1994


Abul-Enein Sheisha

Abul-Enein Sheisha

Date of birth
December 12, 1927

Achievements
Memorized the Quran at 10
Recorded a recital of the entire Quran on 45 tapes at one time and on 105 tapes at another
Recited the Quran at Haj
Many converted to Islam at his hands
Traveled extensively to Morocco, Malaysia, South Africa, Kuwait, Iraq and Argentina

Awards
1959: Decorated by the Prime Minister of Syria
1965: Decorated by the Prime Minister of Malaysia
1975: Awarded the Order of Merit from Senegal
1980: Decorated by Pakistan
1984: Awarded the Pakistani Order of Scientists
1987: Awarded the Egyptian Order of Merit

Died on November 30, 1988.


Abdel-Basset Abdel-Samad

Abdel-Basset Abdel-Samad

Date of birth
December 12, 1927

Achievements
Memorized the Quran at 10
Recorded a recital of the entire Quran on 45 tapes at one time and on 105 tapes at another
Recited the Quran at Haj
Many converted to Islam at his hands
Traveled extensively to Morocco, Malaysia, South Africa, Kuwait, Iraq and Argentina

Awards
1959: Decorated by the Prime Minister of Syria
1965: Decorated by the Prime Minister of Malaysia
1975: Awarded the Order of Merit from Senegal
1980: Decorated by Pakistan
1984: Awarded the Pakistani Order of Scientists
1987: Awarded the Egyptian Order of Merit

Died on November 30, 1988.

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